---
title: More Notes on Practical Data Literacy
description: More Notes on Practical Data Literacy
image: https://blog.idatainc.com/hubfs/StockSnap_LT3CKJ1TD9_letters_NotesPracticalDataLiteracy_BP.jpg
---

[![iData_notag_tm](https://blog.idatainc.com/hs-fs/hubfs/iData_notag_tm.png?width=184&name=iData_notag_tm.png)](http://www.idatainc.com)

# More Notes on Practical Data Literacy

## More Notes on Practical Data Literacy

[January 05, 2022](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/01) By  [Aaron Walker](https://blog.idatainc.com/author/aaron-walker)  In [cookbook](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/cookbook), [data](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/data), [governance](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/governance), [framework](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/framework), [literacy](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/literacy)

![StockSnap_LT3CKJ1TD9_letters_NotesPracticalDataLiteracy_BP](https://blog.idatainc.com/hs-fs/hubfs/StockSnap_LT3CKJ1TD9_letters_NotesPracticalDataLiteracy_BP.jpg?width=264&name=StockSnap_LT3CKJ1TD9_letters_NotesPracticalDataLiteracy_BP.jpg)Last month we posted some thoughts on the importance of data literacy for modern organizations, how growing data literacy can be part of a data governance program, and how the Data Cookbook in particular can contribute to efforts to increase data literacy.

Those preliminary thoughts led us to do some more research into concepts that underlie data literacy, specifically literacy and numeracy. And it turns out that we gave short shrift to serious work already done on these topics! While numerous definitions of literacy exist, this one in particular (from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, or [PIAAC](https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/piaac/index.asp)) caught our eye: "Literacy is understanding, evaluating, using and engaging with written text to participate in society, to achieve one's goals, and to develop one's knowledge and potential." (This is a considerably more nuanced definition than simply the ability to read and write!) Written texts, whether print or electronic, can be a means of communication, they can be a method of accomplishing tasks and solving problems, and they can serve as an instrument for learning.

The same organization defines numeracy as "the ability to access, use, interpret, and communicate mathematical information and ideas, in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life." (We have also seen numeracy referred to as quantitative literacy, which sounds more reasonable when literacy is understood to include accomplishing tasks and meeting goals.) Examples of numerate behavior would include creating, understanding, and expressing arguments and propositions supported by quantitative evidence across a variety of formats.

PIAAC's literacy and numeracy assessments divide respondents into proficiency levels, and we wonder if that might not be a more effective way to think about data literacy. Remember that our working definition of data literacy included understanding, interpreting, asking questions about, and communicating using data; each of those aspects is an area where a person or group might show greater or lesser levels of proficiency.

For example, Level 3 (on a scale of 1 to 5) literacy proficiency tasks are described thusly: "Tasks require the respondent to identify, interpret, or evaluate one or more pieces of information and often require varying levels of inference. Many tasks require the respondent to construct meaning across larger chunks of text or perform multi-step operations in order to identify and formulate responses. Often, tasks also demand that the respondent disregard irrelevant or inappropriate content to answer accurately."

Level 3 numeracy proficiency tasks "require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar, and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; or interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables, and graphs."

Given these descriptions, maybe we should not be talking about "data literacy" at all! Maybe what we are really talking about is *the application of literacy and numeracy proficiencies*, such as evaluating information, drawing inferences, constructing meaning, and recognizing patterns, *in a data-specific or data-rich context*.

When we discuss data literacy with clients, we are almost always operating in a specific situation in which organizations wish to utilize their collected data to improve operations and to run their business more successfully. Most of our clients are staffed by a highly literate and numerate workforce, members of which generally understand that data is a valuable asset, that certain data is sensitive and must be protected vigorously, and that accurate and available data is an organizational necessity. This understanding already reflects a certain amount of data literacy!

In the rarefied air of data management, it is easy to take that level of data literacy proficiency for granted, and as with any under-interrogated assumption, we do so at our own peril. As younger people enter the workforce, for example, they may have different expectations about the way data is used and shared, and which safeguards are appropriate. As cloud storage and mobile platforms supplant traditional technologies, existing policies and practices may no longer be applicable. It behooves all of us to look up from our narrow focus now and again.

Data literacy as a concept is frequently couched in the language and rhetoric of data science, data mining, developing models to support predictive and prescriptive analytics, etc., and it is supplemented by a bewildering array of charts, graphs, and other visualizations. The whole package is typically flavored with statistical jargon such as confidence intervals, margins of error, and so on. This can seem an insurmountable challenge. But is this really the level of proficiency we expect from our employees? Some of them, perhaps. But the vast majority need to fall other places on the proficiency scale.

Last time we wrote about the need for data literacy at the various stages of the data life cycle. When collecting data, the critical data literacy proficiency may be ensuring that data is valid and complete. When transmitting data between systems, that proficiency may entail recognizing and accounting for consonance or dissonance between systems. When analyzing data, or preparing data for analysis, data literacy will entail distinguishing relevant data from irrelevant data, and organizing it appropriately. When publishing data, data providers may need to construct meaning to assist data consumers, who themselves must be able to make reasonable inferences and draw supportable conclusions.

Any organization in this situation uses a variety of tools, techniques, and personnel. Our [Data Cookbook](http://www.datacookbook.com) solution is designed to be part of this infrastructure, and to help you keep track of, understand, and better utilize your data as it circulates. For each stage listed above, the [Data Cookbook](http://www.datacookbook.com) has a role to play.

And this circulation of data occurs inside an ongoing conversation about the importance, meaning, usage, storage, and provenance of your data; that is to say, inside the data governance or data intelligence framework. We will return to this topic later, when we will expound further on the idea of data literacy as a data governance or data intelligence operation.  We hope that you enjoyed this post.

The [Data Cookbook](http://www.datacookbook.com/tour/) can assist an organization in its data governance, data intelligence, data stewardship and data quality initiatives. IData also has experts that can assist with data governance, reporting, integration and other technology services on an as needed basis. Feel free to contact us and let us know how we can assist.

 [![Contact Us](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/4171032/6765be6f-f024-407e-aadb-a1418a68ab0f.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/4171032/6765be6f-f024-407e-aadb-a1418a68ab0f)

Photo Credit: StockSnap\_LT3CKJ1TD9\_letters\_NotesPracticalDataLiteracy\_BP #B1208

 

![Aaron Walker](https://blog.idatainc.com/hubfs/aaron_2.jpg)

##### About the Author

Aaron joined IData in 2014 after over 20 years in higher education, including more than 15 years providing analytics and decision support services. Aaron’s role at IData includes establishing data governance, training data stewards, and improving business intelligence solutions.

### Subscribe to Email Updates

### Recent Posts

### Archives

- [February 2018 (13)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2018/02)
- [May 2019 (6)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/05)
- [January 2019 (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/01)
- [February 2019 (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/02)
- [October 2019 (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/10)
- [March 2021 (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/03)
- [June 2021 (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/06)
- [July 2021 (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/07)
- [September 2021 (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/09)
- [March 2022 (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/03)
- [October 2018 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2018/10)
- [March 2019 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/03)
- [June 2019 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/06)
- [July 2019 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/07)
- [December 2019 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/12)
- [April 2020 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/04)
- [May 2020 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/05)
- [June 2020 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/06)
- [August 2020 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/08)
- [January 2021 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/01)
- [April 2021 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/04)
- [May 2021 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/05)
- [August 2021 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/08)
- [January 2022 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/01)
- [June 2022 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/06)
- [July 2022 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/07)
- [August 2022 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/08)
- [November 2022 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/11)
- [February 2023 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/02)
- [September 2023 (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/09)
- [May 2018 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2018/05)
- [November 2018 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2018/11)
- [April 2019 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/04)
- [August 2019 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/08)
- [September 2019 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/09)
- [November 2019 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2019/11)
- [January 2020 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/01)
- [February 2020 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/02)
- [March 2020 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/03)
- [July 2020 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/07)
- [September 2020 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/09)
- [October 2020 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/10)
- [November 2020 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/11)
- [December 2020 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2020/12)
- [February 2021 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/02)
- [October 2021 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/10)
- [November 2021 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/11)
- [December 2021 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2021/12)
- [February 2022 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/02)
- [May 2022 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/05)
- [October 2022 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/10)
- [January 2023 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/01)
- [January 2024 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/01)
- [June 2024 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/06)
- [August 2024 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/08)
- [September 2025 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/09)
- [December 2025 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/12)
- [March 2026 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2026/03)
- [April 2026 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2026/04)
- [May 2026 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2026/05)
- [June 2026 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2026/06)
- [July 2026 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2026/07)
- [August 2026 (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2026/08)
- [December 2018 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2018/12)
- [April 2022 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/04)
- [September 2022 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/09)
- [December 2022 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2022/12)
- [March 2023 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/03)
- [April 2023 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/04)
- [May 2023 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/05)
- [June 2023 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/06)
- [July 2023 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/07)
- [August 2023 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/08)
- [October 2023 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/10)
- [November 2023 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/11)
- [February 2024 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/02)
- [March 2024 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/03)
- [April 2024 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/04)
- [July 2024 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/07)
- [September 2024 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/09)
- [November 2024 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/11)
- [December 2024 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/12)
- [January 2025 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/01)
- [February 2025 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/02)
- [March 2025 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/03)
- [April 2025 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/04)
- [May 2025 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/05)
- [June 2025 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/06)
- [July 2025 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/07)
- [August 2025 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/08)
- [January 2026 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2026/01)
- [February 2026 (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2026/02)
- [June 2013 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2013/06)
- [July 2013 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2013/07)
- [March 2014 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2014/03)
- [May 2015 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2015/05)
- [July 2015 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2015/07)
- [August 2015 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2015/08)
- [January 2017 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2017/01)
- [March 2017 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2017/03)
- [May 2017 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2017/05)
- [June 2017 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2017/06)
- [August 2017 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2017/08)
- [November 2017 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2017/11)
- [December 2017 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2017/12)
- [January 2018 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2018/01)
- [June 2018 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2018/06)
- [July 2018 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2018/07)
- [August 2018 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2018/08)
- [September 2018 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2018/09)
- [December 2023 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2023/12)
- [May 2024 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/05)
- [October 2024 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2024/10)
- [October 2025 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/10)
- [November 2025 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2025/11)
- [September 2026 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/archive/2026/09)

### Categories

- [2019 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/2019)
- [2020 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/2020)
- [2024 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/2024)
- [acceptance (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/acceptance)
- [access (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/access)
- [accountability (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/accountability)
- [action (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/action)
- [actions (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/actions)
- [Admissions (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/admissions)
- [adoption (6)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/adoption)
- [adult (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/adult)
- [advantages (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/advantages)
- [agile (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/agile)
- [agreements (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/agreements)
- [ai (12)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/ai)
- [analytics (22)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/analytics)
- [answers (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/answers)
- [approach (8)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/approach)
- [areas (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/areas)
- [artificial (17)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/artificial)
- [assessment (11)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/assessment)
- [assistance (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/assistance)
- [at-risk (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/at-risk)
- [avoid (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/avoid)
- [back (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/back)
- [barriers (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/barriers)
- [base (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/base)
- [begin (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/begin)
- [benefit (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/benefit)
- [benefits (7)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/benefits)
- [best (26)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/best)
- [BI (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/bi)
- [binder (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/binder)
- [blog (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/blog)
- [book (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/book)
- [brainstorming (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/brainstorming)
- [business (25)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/business)
- [buy (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/buy)
- [buyin (6)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/buyin)
- [capabilities (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/capabilities)
- [cases (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/cases)
- [catalog (12)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/catalog)
- [ccpa (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/ccpa)
- [CDO (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/cdo)
- [certification (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/certification)
- [challenges (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/challenges)
- [change (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/change)
- [checklist (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/checklist)
- [chief (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/chief)
- [citizen (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/citizen)
- [clean (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/clean)
- [cleanup (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/cleanup)
- [cloud (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/cloud)
- [collaboration (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/collaboration)
- [committee (13)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/committee)
- [communication (27)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/communication)
- [community (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/community)
- [complexity (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/complexity)
- [compliance (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/compliance)
- [components (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/components)
- [connectors (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/connectors)
- [consulting (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/consulting)
- [consumer (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/consumer)
- [content (43)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/content)
- [contents (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/contents)
- [continuous (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/continuous)
- [control (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/control)
- [controlling (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/controlling)
- [cookbook (32)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/cookbook)
- [corporation (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/corporation)
- [creation (7)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/creation)
- [CRM (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/crm)
- [cultural (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/cultural)
- [culture (12)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/culture)
- [curated (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/curated)
- [curating (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/curating)
- [custodian (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/custodian)
- [customer (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/customer)
- [cybersecurity (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/cybersecurity)
- [cycle (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/cycle)
- [dashboards (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/dashboards)
- [data (312)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/data)
- [Data Cookbook (185)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/data-cookbook)
- [databases (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/databases)
- [decision (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/decision)
- [definition (7)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/definition)
- [definitions (9)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/definitions)
- [deliverables (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/deliverables)
- [department (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/department)
- [description (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/description)
- [desk (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/desk)
- [dictionary (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/dictionary)
- [digital (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/digital)
- [dimensions (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/dimensions)
- [direction (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/direction)
- [discovery (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/discovery)
- [distribution (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/distribution)
- [dx (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/dx)
- [dynamic (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/dynamic)
- [ed (19)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/ed)
- [education (84)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/education)
- [educause (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/educause)
- [efficiencies (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/efficiencies)
- [efficiency (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/efficiency)
- [elemens (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/elemens)
- [elements (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/elements)
- [emergent (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/emergent)
- [employee (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/employee)
- [enablement (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/enablement)
- [enforcement (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/enforcement)
- [engagement (19)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/engagement)
- [entry (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/entry)
- [erp (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/erp)
- [ETL (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/etl)
- [examples (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/examples)
- [executive (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/executive)
- [expectations (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/expectations)
- [failure (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/failure)
- [features (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/features)
- [flow (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/flow)
- [football (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/football)
- [forum (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/forum)
- [framework (20)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/framework)
- [friction (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/friction)
- [front (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/front)
- [functional (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/functional)
- [gaps (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/gaps)
- [gatekeeper (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/gatekeeper)
- [GDPR (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/gdpr)
- [getting (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/getting)
- [glossary (27)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/glossary)
- [governance (297)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/governance)
- [government (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/government)
- [guidance (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/guidance)
- [HE (42)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/he)
- [health (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/health)
- [healthcare (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/healthcare)
- [HEDW (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/hedw)
- [help (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/help)
- [helping (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/helping)
- [higher (86)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/higher)
- [hiring (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/hiring)
- [how (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/how)
- [idata (143)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/idata)
- [idatahub (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/idatahub)
- [implementation (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/implementation)
- [import (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/import)
- [importance (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/importance)
- [improve (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/improve)
- [improvement (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/improvement)
- [in (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/in)
- [included (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/included)
- [inexpensive (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/inexpensive)
- [information (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/information)
- [initiative (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/initiative)
- [institutional (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/institutional)
- [integration (22)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/integration)
- [intelligence (280)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/intelligence)
- [intervention (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/intervention)
- [inventory (22)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/inventory)
- [investment (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/investment)
- [ipeds (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/ipeds)
- [ir (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/ir)
- [issues (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/issues)
- [it (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/it)
- [items (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/items)
- [iteration (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/iteration)
- [JIT (8)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/jit)
- [journey (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/journey)
- [just (9)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/just)
- [K-12 (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/k-12)
- [key (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/key)
- [know (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/know)
- [Knowledge (20)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/knowledge)
- [knowledgebase (25)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/knowledgebase)
- [language (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/language)
- [leadership (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/leadership)
- [learning (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/learning)
- [lessons (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/lessons)
- [level (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/level)
- [levels (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/levels)
- [libary (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/libary)
- [librarian (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/librarian)
- [library (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/library)
- [life (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/life)
- [lifecycle (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/lifecycle)
- [lineage (6)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/lineage)
- [lists (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/lists)
- [literacy (10)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/literacy)
- [loop (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/loop)
- [maintain (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/maintain)
- [maintenance (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/maintenance)
- [management (32)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/management)
- [manufacturing (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/manufacturing)
- [map (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/map)
- [market (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/market)
- [matrix (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/matrix)
- [measurement (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/measurement)
- [metadata (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/metadata)
- [method (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/method)
- [migrating (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/migrating)
- [migration (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/migration)
- [model (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/model)
- [monkey (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/monkey)
- [new (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/new)
- [non-profit (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/non-profit)
- [not (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/not)
- [office (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/office)
- [officer (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/officer)
- [onboarding (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/onboarding)
- [operations (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/operations)
- [organization (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/organization)
- [organizational (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/organizational)
- [organizations (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/organizations)
- [out (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/out)
- [oversight (8)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/oversight)
- [own (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/own)
- [owner (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/owner)
- [ownership (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/ownership)
- [parts (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/parts)
- [path (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/path)
- [people (36)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/people)
- [plan (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/plan)
- [planning (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/planning)
- [platform (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/platform)
- [playbook (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/playbook)
- [points (8)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/points)
- [policies (15)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/policies)
- [policy (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/policy)
- [portal (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/portal)
- [potential (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/potential)
- [practices (20)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/practices)
- [pragmatic (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/pragmatic)
- [principles (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/principles)
- [priorities (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/priorities)
- [priorization (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/priorization)
- [privacy (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/privacy)
- [problem (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/problem)
- [process (35)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/process)
- [processes (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/processes)
- [processing (7)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/processing)
- [products (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/products)
- [project (11)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/project)
- [projects (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/projects)
- [protection (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/protection)
- [purpose (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/purpose)
- [quality (38)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/quality)
- [questions (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/questions)
- [quick (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/quick)
- [quotes (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/quotes)
- [reasons (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/reasons)
- [recap (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/recap)
- [reference (17)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/reference)
- [regulation (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/regulation)
- [related (8)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/related)
- [report (12)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/report)
- [reporting (19)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/reporting)
- [repository (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/repository)
- [request (25)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/request)
- [research (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/research)
- [resiliency (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/resiliency)
- [resolution (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/resolution)
- [resources (33)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/resources)
- [responsibilities (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/responsibilities)
- [return (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/return)
- [review (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/review)
- [road (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/road)
- [roadmap (16)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/roadmap)
- [ROI (7)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/roi)
- [roles (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/roles)
- [SaaS (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/saas)
- [savings (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/savings)
- [schedule (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/schedule)
- [science (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/science)
- [scientist (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/scientist)
- [score (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/score)
- [security (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/security)
- [self-service (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/self-service)
- [sensitive (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/sensitive)
- [service (7)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/service)
- [services (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/services)
- [session (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/session)
- [shadow (7)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/shadow)
- [sharing (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/sharing)
- [shelf (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/shelf)
- [silo (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/silo)
- [single (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/single)
- [SIS (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/sis)
- [situations (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/situations)
- [skills (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/skills)
- [smarter (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/smarter)
- [soft (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/soft)
- [software (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/software)
- [solis (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/solis)
- [solution (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/solution)
- [source (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/source)
- [specification (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/specification)
- [specifications (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/specifications)
- [spotlight (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/spotlight)
- [sprawl (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/sprawl)
- [staff (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/staff)
- [stakeholders (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/stakeholders)
- [start (10)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/start)
- [started (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/started)
- [steward (34)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/steward)
- [stewardship (47)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/stewardship)
- [story (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/story)
- [strategy (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/strategy)
- [student (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/student)
- [students (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/students)
- [success (8)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/success)
- [summary (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/summary)
- [support (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/support)
- [supporting (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/supporting)
- [survey (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/survey)
- [system (23)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/system)
- [systems (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/systems)
- [tacit (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/tacit)
- [team (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/team)
- [technical (4)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/technical)
- [technology (21)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/technology)
- [telling (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/telling)
- [thoughts (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/thoughts)
- [ticket (3)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/ticket)
- [time (7)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/time)
- [tool (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/tool)
- [tools (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/tools)
- [top (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/top)
- [topics (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/topics)
- [training (25)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/training)
- [traits (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/traits)
- [transformation (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/transformation)
- [transition (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/transition)
- [trend (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/trend)
- [triage (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/triage)
- [trust (17)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/trust)
- [trusted (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/trusted)
- [truth (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/truth)
- [types (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/types)
- [urban (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/urban)
- [use (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/use)
- [used (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/used)
- [uses (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/uses)
- [valid (6)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/valid)
- [value (7)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/value)
- [versioning (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/versioning)
- [vertical (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/vertical)
- [visualization (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/visualization)
- [warehouse (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/warehouse)
- [warehousing (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/warehousing)
- [way (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/way)
- [webinar (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/webinar)
- [what (5)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/what)
- [where (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/where)
- [who (2)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/who)
- [why (7)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/why)
- [wins (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/wins)
- [workflow (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/workflow)
- [writing (1)](https://blog.idatainc.com/tag/writing)

### Address

1727 King Street, Suite 250  
Alexandria, VA 22314 USA

- <https://www.linkedin.com/company/idata-incorporated>

- [Jobs](http://www.idatainc.com/about-us/jobs/)
- [Contact Us](http://www.idatainc.com/about-us/contact-us/)

Copyright © 2026 [IData Incorporated](http://idatainc.com). All rights reserved